Human Rights Violations And Lack Of Supervision - 1412 Words

Peacekeepers have been deployed into regions in conflict with the purpose of creating conditions of lasting peace. They are mostly stationed in areas of Africa and the Middle East, but they are also stationed in Haiti and in Europe. Some of the conflicts they try to remedy include human rights violations, environmental damage, and child abuse. For the most part, peacekeepers are a huge help in stabilizing a country or region in conflict and are beneficial to the public. However, some peacekeepers abuse their power as a result of minimal supervision. There have been reports of peacekeepers using excessive force, being corrupt and sexually abusing civilians. In the case of excessive force, the peacekeepers don’t always act out of malice,†¦show more content†¦There are 16 peacekeeping operations worldwide, mainly in parts of Africa and parts of Asia to handle conflicts. To combat peacekeepers abusing their power Brazil has supported the United Nation in imposing of a zer o tolerance policy for situations of misconduct and thoroughly investigates all credible accusations. However, often times people who are victimized by peacekeeper misconduct are afraid to come forward or do not have the resources to report. In order to combat the occurrence of power abuse, peacekeepers are required to adhere to the â€Å"Ten Rules†, which is a code of conduct. This code requires that Peacekeepers respect natives and their cultures, act with compassion, behave in a dignified manner, hold themselves to high moral standards and respect the environment . Members have been given a card, with these rules printed on them since 1998. As of 2007, the General Assembly has also adopted the United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel, which helps outline methods to support victims of peacekeeper abuse . In recent times, there as been an increase in attention to peacekeeper misconduct and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has tried to remedy the problem by placing more people in missions. Brazil has also actively participated in these efforts.

A Conversation About The Natural Resource Curse - 1305 Words

A conversation about the natural resource curse in Bolivia is especially imperative today with the recent crash of oil prices which affects Bolivia’s export revenues as natural gas prices are indexed to oil prices. This chapter seeks to explore Bolivia’s economic structure; whether the natural resource curse phenomenon is already occuring in Bolivia? What are the contributors to their susceptibility to the risks of the resource curse? What role did Bolivia’s state-managed economy play in contributing to this and how have market mechanisms affected Bolivia’s economic welfare? In order to better understand where Bolivia stands today, it would be of interest to recall a resource curse that Bolivia had already endured in the past under their†¦show more content†¦With this policy direction in mind, we can look at Bolivia’s commodity export dependence, its effects on industrialization and diversification and the risks of commodity price volatilit y. This will require an inquiry into Bolivia’s natural gas sector that has been nationalized by the MAS government in 2006. The two secondary export products that Bolivia relies on are mining and industrial agriculture, they have similar effects of high revenue and low employment creation as the natural gas industry does on the economy. Finally a look at Bolivia’s macroeconomic policy will add the last dimension into our inquiry of Bolivia’s general economic state. Tin Bolivia is not new to commodity dependence; in fact, it was one of the cases that Richard Auty used in his essay where he first coined the term, â€Å"natural resource curse† (R. Auty 1993). Richard Auty’s case study of the Bolivian case between 1970-1990 outlines the boom and bust cycles of Bolivia’s ore exporting economy. It gives insight into what types of policies were pursued, or perhaps not pursued that further deteriorated the economy’s long term sustainability. In the early 70’s, Bolivia was highly dependent on mining; mining accounted for 77% of exports, 44% of taxes and 20% of GDP (R. M. Auty 1994). During this time, the Bolivian state was unable to extend domestic taxes to cover its large public sector expenses due to the polarization of the working class that demanded higher government

Essay on Alcoholics Anonymous 12-Step Program - 2169 Words

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the largest and most commonly known self-help group in the world. Since the creation of AA in 1935, there have been many programs modeled after it, which are also based on the 12-Step Program. Some of these include Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Chemically Dependent Anonymous, as well as programs for specific drugs, such as Cocaine Anonymous (CA) and Crystal Meth Anonymous (NIDA, 2012). Attendance and participation for self-help groups are open for anyone to attend and free of cost for all members, with meetings typically held in locations such as churches and public buildings. â€Å"Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length of time in recovery,†¦show more content†¦When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e.g., drinking alcohol to reduce stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the drug is extremely high. Sociocultural factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e.g., marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kring, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a common goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior; however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can b e. The 12-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. â€Å"Processes of change are the covert and overt activities that people engage in to alter affect, thinking,Show MoreRelatedThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3302 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )was born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was at Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reportedRead MoreThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3299 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )wa s born in 1934. 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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive drinking has lead to approximately 88,000 deaths in the United States each year and accounts for 1 in 10 deaths in working ageRead MoreChildhood Alcoholism And The Effect Of The 12 Step Program For Alcoholics Anonymous As A Form Of Treatment1147 Words   |  5 Pagesable to access and get a hold of alcohol more easily than they can other drugs – such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, etc. The topic and focus of this paper is to explore specifically adolescent alcoholism and the effects of the 12-Step Program used in Alcoholics Anonymous as a form of treatment to overcome this addiction. This treatment will be evaluated through the review of empirical research and an interview with Dr. Don MacDonald, a professor of Marriage and Family Therapy at Seattle PacificRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous: the 12-Step Treatment780 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment Alcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment The 12-step program used by Alcoholics Anonymous is a well-known treatment method that’s used for many types of addiction, not just alcohol. Alcoholics are encouraged to â€Å"work† the 12-steps. The first step involves admitting the powerlessness over alcohol. The second step has the alcoholic believe that there is some type of a greater power working that will help aide the alcoholic to reach sobriety, asRead MoreHistory Of Organization : Alcoholics Anonymous ( A.a )1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio, and is a spiritual based organization with the sole purpose â€Å"to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety† threw fellowship. Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A.) foundation is built on a 12 step program that involves taking 12 step that will guarantee your sobriety (according to A.A.) because you start the 12 steps but you never end, it is designed for you to consistently work the 12 steps for theRead MoreA 12-Step Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous: A Reaction Paper841 Words   |  3 Pages12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper Objective The objective of this study is to write a reaction on a 12-step meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous with the focus of the meeting being attitude modification. The meeting attended was the Stairway Group meeting in Decatur, Alabama. The members who attended this group meeting were of all ages, of both the female and male gender and were white, black, and Hispanic individuals. The majority of the attendees were males. First Speaker The first speaker at theRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous : A Anonymous865 Words   |  4 PagesAttending an Alcoholic Anonymous Meeting Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in the basis that alcoholism cannot be healed medically, but spiritually. Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1939 by Bill Wilson, and Dr. Robert Smith (B’s, n.d.). The main goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is recovery from alcoholism, and to fully abstain from consuming alcohol. Several non-stated goals are staying out of jail, fixing a financial situation, or becoming happier (Trizio, 2006). After attending in a meeting forRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 PagesMany have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar , or anxiety are factors of someone to drive to drinking to forgetRead MoreA Study On Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous has held an almost sacred spot in our society as the way for addicts to get sober through spiritual means, with many people having anecdotal stories and experiences corroborating this belief. To full examine the ethicality of AA, an in depth look at AA is required. A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in order

Royal College of Nursing Complementary Therapies

Question: Discuss the teaching methods through the application of amalgam of different theories can really be helpful in the process of developing teaching and learning methods in education? Answer: Introduction The following essay is reflective essay which is based on events I have learnt from my practice area where I was induced as a learner. It briefly describes the Learning and Teaching style and its sustaining theories. It also analyses the learning style adopted by me which has influenced my clinical practice and also evaluate its efficiency during the event and also devise a plan to develop and optimise the education of a student nurse in such a similar situation. The following assignment was based on Gibbs cycle which consist of six steps i.e. feelings, description, evaluation, analysis of the incident, action plan conclusion (Royal college of nursing society of orthopaedic and trauma nursing, 2006). Description This placement involved the objective to learn about the proper technique of administering pre filled subcutaneous injection to a patient. The practice of administering it had already been taught on a dummy earlier. While following the process I was cautious enough to follow the teacher but not confident to do it myself and therefore decided to follow her closely. I had also discussed my apprehension with one of my senior staffs. Therefore my senior had started explaining it to the patient one step at a time, the patient even requested the staff to administer it in the upper arm instead of the abdomen (Royal College of Nursing Midwifery Fertility Nursing Forum, 2012). The staff was kind enough to explain the reason behind it and then asked me to administer the next patient, the injection while following the same steps. But my confidence had still been lagging due to the lack of knowledge of explanation I had to give if the next patient had requested the same. My interest had grown i n the area of injection sites and the reason behind it was my inability to judge the area of administering an injection. I conveyed my concerns to the mentor that my request was due to the insufficient knowledge I had about administering an injection and therefore I wanted to gain some more knowledge before practising it. My mentor had happily allocated me enough time to learn and gain knowledge about administering injections from books and articles and initiated giving SC injections under the guidance of my mentor. The feedback was very good from my mentor and was appreciated for the outstanding performance I had shown and thus it reflected even in my work (Royal College of Nursing Midwifery Fertility Nursing Forum, 2011). Feelings Though now I feel that the advice of my mentor was not enough to excel in this procedure. Being a student nurse I had grown interest in administering injections but this event made me think that I have to become more resolute in the understanding of the procedure and therefore needed to gain strength and therefore started more research on the in order to learn more before initiating the procedure of administering injections professionally (Society information - Royal college of nursing society of orthopaedic and trauma nursing, 2004). It was fortunate for me that my mentor was considerate enough to understand my situation and helped me to learn more about the procedure. Though working in real clinical environment is beneficial but it has its own challenges. It is the combination of the focus and professional practice of one self to achieve success in such situations. My motivation had been through the active participation in the act and its consequent success. Maslows hierarchy of ne eds plays in an important role in the motivation of human self-esteem which is the most important element that should be considered in the learning of any new trade (Royal College of Nursing Fertility Nursing Forum, 2014). Evaluation The event had been very positive experience as it had taught me the process of administering SC injection. The realism of the learning environment and patient in real clinical environment had made the task more professional. The process had made me more conscious and focused as the dummy had been replaced by a real patient. The process had taught me more than I could have imagined. The learning technique of mine had included self-observation of my mentor as well as voracious reading about the topic of administering injection. Every person have their own learning techniques and this was mine which had proved to be very effective. The time allocated to me by my mentor for the task had been the most helpful as well as the continuous encouragement of my mentor had made me successful in learning the techniques of administering injection (Royal College of Nursing Complementary Therapies in Nursing Forum, 2004). The biggest challenge in clinical nursing is practising live in front of the patient. The council for Nursing and Midwifery (NMC) have made certain code of conduct which are to be followed by the nurses in real situations every time they are at work. On of such codes states that it is the responsibility of the nurses to explain the patient about the effects of the medication they are being administered before administering the medications, the ways of administering is also includes the explanation (Pourhosein Gilakjani, 2011). The code also states that if the patients have any doubts they need to be cleared, it is the duty of the nurses to clear any such doubts. In order to practice this code the learning styles of the learners had to be changed and therefore the facilitator had to be more adaptable according to the situations. Being the learner I had also reviewed that just observing the procedure was not enough to gain the required competence. Even for the facilitator also new styl es of teaching methods had been devised according to the learners learning capabilities in the clinical setting (Pourhosein Gilakjani, 2011). Analysis The techniques of learning is very vital in the healthcare industry which aids the student nurses to acquire information skills and practical skills as well in order to become a nurse. The course of BSc with honours in pre-registration nursing has lead the students to the achievement of the important consequences of knowledge and to assess the practice while following the code i.e. the standards of conduct, ethics and performance for the nurses and the midwives i.e. the NMC while being in the limitations of the individuals legislation, competence, knowledge, consistency, sphere of professional practice which should be related to the nursing practice. The nursing students who are interested in taking up this course are provided with wide types and ranges of placements locations which have a professional learning environment so that the students can achieve the best level of required confidence in original practice. The education provided to the nurses in the training period or while p lacements in training is very important as it is a practicality based job which requires development of very accurate skills before initiation of their professional practice (Patterson, 2008). Therefore the maximum time of the syllabus prepared for the training of the nursing students i.e. 50%, have been allocated towards the practice of the students practically. This creates a unique opportunity for the students to acquire the accurate skills required to practice their learning in real life on a real person. Therefore the practice of providing individual mentors to each of the students which was started by the Royal College of Nursing, so that the mentor can perform the role of a teacher, supervisor, assessor for the student to properly guide them and it is the responsibility of the mentor to guide the student towards a better understanding of the skills and the techniques required to be a professional nurse (Pai et al., 2002). The mentor has to assess the proper technique to make the student under them learn as the procedures of every individual student is different and therefore make them learn by the implementation of the right technique. According to the NMC or the Nursery and the Midwifery Council the mentor has to fulfil some specific standards before their registration as a mentor. A special training schedule known as the mentor preparation program has been developed which the mentor has to pass in order to be a mentor. The person preparing to be a mentor can also be approved by a comparable program accredited by the AEI which meets the NMC mentor requirements of the test of skills, knowledge and the competence which has to meet the outcomes defined by the code (Nursing Education, 2014). This implementation has provided the required push to the learning and the teaching methodology in the higher education which has been an important aspect of the nursing studies. There are a number of theories which have aided in providing a logical framework of the integrated subject matters and the related principles that have been helpful in predicting the learning techniques of people in general. I have been able to realise through these theories that the learning style I am adopted to is known Visual Auditory Kinaesthetic after answering the 30 questions that are designed to assess the learning styles of any individual (Mathews et al., 2014). The visual style is designed for the people who make use of their sight and learn accordingly to improve their learnings from visual displays. The authors Braungart and Braungart have argued in their book that the people who are more focused on the thing which is directly in front of the viewer, their mode of learning is termed as Behaviour ist learning theory or better known as the SR model which is explained as the behaviourists view of learning which has been the product of the responses and the stimulus of every individual (Lejeune et al., 2009). It was important for me to change my learning styles into the form of Perspectives and Paradigms which is the successful process of bridging the theoretical and the practical knowledge in education. Many studies have recommended that to understand the theories of very individuals learning techniques that is there are some basic principle, weakness and advantages that are to be followed which provides the learners the options to combine and choose the most efficient learning techniques that they can benefit from considering some specific events under consideration. The students also have an important role to play in the learning system by extracting out the most from the practice placement they have been provided and therefor provide feedbacks to the college learning system to provide their experience on the technique that has been used, whether it was helpful or not in the learning process of the student (Lejeune et al., 2009). The learning process implemented and the assessment in the practice placements of the knowledge by the student is on of the most important part of the nursing program. There is no appropriate and relevant opportunity in order to learn about the practice placement techniques. The need for experience of the students in different placement centres is very important for the students so that they can gain the ability to compete in the nursing industry and hence register themselves in the NMC council. Therefore the students are able to make use of their placements which make use of diversified learning environment techniques which has integrated the theoretical knowledge of the course with the practical placement learning techniques to create the best university education learning technique that can be provided in recent times. The practice document assessment (PAD) is used to continuously assess the performance of the students accurately and in a comprehensive format for the further devel opment of the clinical practice. The assessment through the PAD has revealed that the management of proper medication for the patients is also one of the important skills that has to be acquired by the nursing students, the administration of the SC injection is one of the important components of this process (Isableu et al., 2011). The students are to be developed in such ways that they are able to validate the performance, knowledge and also the professional as well as personal awareness so that their behaviour in times of need remains focused towards providing the knowledge of elementary pharmacology, the therapeutic effects of the medicines, the process of acting of the medicines as well as the therapeutic interactions of the medicines in the body. The students of nursing should be aware of the routes and the techniques in which the medicines are absorbed in our body, how it is metabolised and also the interactions as well as the reaction of the medicine on the body. The governin g body for the clinical operations known as the clinical governance is responsible for the improvement of the qualities in healthcare services as well as safeguarding the standard of care to keep it high by creating the environment where excellence in clinical practice can be attained (Hanlon-Pena and Quaal, 2011). The learning theories helped to fulfil all the requirements mentioned in the preceding paragraphs which had helped me to achieve the skills and knowledge I have acquired due to these techniques. It is very important for the mentors and the facilitators to learn the process of the student nurses as a learner themselves so that they can be more effective. The learning preferences of every individual varies from person to person even though majority of the healthcare professionals prefer the visual learning style, it is the job of the mentor to understand the students learning style. Conventionally the SR theory was the most popular as well as the simplest theory in the practice of nursing earlier. It has focused only on visual components and in form of the behaviourist view which is the product of the response and the stimulus condition (Chan et al., 2006). The procedure to be shown was carried out by the mentor and the student could have just viewed it. It required a lot of motivation to strengthen the habit of the administering of the SC injection and repeat the process. Some theories have said that to reward the positive reinforcement would increase the chances of the response to have increased if the situations are similar. But being a professional only on theory is not justified. In order to commit to the NMC the student nurses have to prepare themselves with full competence of whatever they behave learned. So the conventional theory has to be changed (Brain and Roberts, 2008). The second theory which was chosen was Visual Auditory Kinaesthetic and the cognitive learning theories which stresses more on the processes that goes inside the mind of the learner. The cognitive theories are also made up of some sub theories which is based in the education of a human being by changing the way in which a persons cognition are altered like memory, perception, structuring information and processing thought. It also helps the person to remain active and think with its cognitive abilities while processing information to process it better. NMC has registered the cognitive abilities to be as important as the professional abilities. The cognitive and the behaviourist theory makers dont use rewards but creates the tension which motivates the learners to learn. If a person has better understanding of the ways of learning then it automatically influences them to process better and transfer better information. The learning theory taught by the mentors and facilitators if is no t clear to the students then there is no benefit of teaching. Therefore this process was a breakthrough in the techniques of teaching in universities of nursing (Baird, 2010). Conclusion It is very important to learn the clinical styles of every individuals learning and teaching techniques under an environment. I came to the conclusion that teaching methods through the application of amalgam of different theories can really be helpful in the process of developing teaching and learning methods in education. This will help the staffs to be skill full in utilising their knowledge in the better treatment of the patients and keep them well. References Baird, J. (2010). Beliefs and practice in teacher assessment.Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy Practice, 17(1), pp.1-5. Brain, L. and Roberts, M. (2008). How to assess competence levels of healthcare assistants.Primary Health Care, 18(4), pp.36-40. Chan, C., Mohamed, S., Tang, E., Shanmugam, M., Chan, N. and Lam, D. (2006). Encapsulated triamcinolone cyst after subtenon injection.Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 34(4), pp.360-362. Hanlon-Pena, P. and Quaal, S. (2011). Resource Document: Evidence Supporting Current Practice in Timing Assessment.American Journal of Critical Care, 20(4), pp.e99-e102. Isableu, B., Fourre, B., Vuillerme, N., Giraudet, G. and Amorim, M. (2011). Differential integration of visual and kinaesthetic signals to upright stance.Exp Brain Res, 212(1), pp.33-46. Lejeune, L., Thouvarecq, R., Anderson, D., Caston, J. and Jouen, F. (2009). Kinaesthetic and visual perceptions of orientations.Perception, 38(7), pp.988-1001. Lejeune, L., Thouvarecq, R., Anderson, D., Caston, J. and Jouen, F. (2009). Kinaesthetic and visual perceptions of orientations.Perception, 38(7), pp.988-1001. Mathews, K., Kronen, P., Lascelles, D., Nolan, A., Robertson, S., Steagall, P., Wright, B. and Yamashita, K. (2014). Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain.Journal of Small Animal Practice, 55(6), pp.E10-E68. Nursing Education. (2014).Nursing for Women's Health, 18(1), pp.83-84. Pai, S., Wanchoo, S., Purandare, S., Banerjee, T., Apte, P., Narsale, A. and Pinto, R. (2002). Self-injection length in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-YBa2Cu3O7- ferromagnetic-superconductor multilayer thin films.Pramana, 58(5-6), pp.1147-1151. Patterson, A. (2008). Linchpin or weakest link? Challenges to current document delivery practice and services.Interlending Document Supply, 36(4), pp.191-195. Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2011). Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic Learning Styles and Their Impacts on English Language Teaching.Journal of Studies in Education, 2(1), p.104. Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2011). Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic Learning Styles and Their Impacts on English Language Teaching.Journal of Studies in Education, 2(1), p.104. Royal College of Nursing Complementary Therapies in Nursing Forum. (2004).Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 10(2), pp.133-134. Royal College of Nursing Fertility Nursing Forum. (2014).Hum Fertil (Camb), 17(1), pp.72-72. Royal College of Nursing Midwifery Fertility Nursing Forum. (2011).Hum Fertil (Camb), 14(1), pp.72-72. Royal College of Nursing Midwifery Fertility Nursing Forum. (2012).Hum Fertil (Camb), 15(1), pp.55-55. Royal college of nursing society of orthopaedic and trauma nursing. (2006).Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 10(2), pp.65-66. Royal College of Nursing Society of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. (2009).Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 13(1), pp.3-4. Society information - Royal college of nursing society of orthopaedic and trauma nursing. (2004).Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 8(3), pp.129-130.

Performance Enhancing Drug Essay Example For Students

Performance Enhancing Drug Essay There are many powerful forces in the world, but few are as powerful in sports as this. It is so powerful that 50% of athletes would keep using this knowing it would kill them. This force isso powerful that 40% of professional athletes use them (Bohan 21). This force is performanceenhancing drugs. There are many reasons for taking performance enhancing drugs. The first is and mostobvious facto is the improved performance. Another is pressure for results. That factor is theleading reason for taking drugs. Another factor is money. Since the main users of the drugs areprofessional athletes, who need results for money, they are usually the select few that can affordthem. The reasons for not using the drugs are more numerous and considerably more dangerous than the reasons for taking them. The most sever, of course, is death. One example ofthis tragic end is Florence Griffith Joyner’s death. Though she was tested and found with no drugsin her system, she was rumored to have taken small doses of anabolic steroids during herillustrious track and field career. Another reason is many health risks, many not resulting in deaththough. These include stoppage of growth, loss of bodily functions, dehydration, and many more. Plus, these drugs are illegal in sports. Many are available only through a doctor’s prescription forcertain diseases. The sport that sees the highest rate of competitors using performance enhancing drugs isbodybuilding. Many of these athletes were skinny and not very popular during their high schoolyears. They use the steroids to bulk up and create a shield against the criticism. Due to this factof psychological instability and the effect of the steroids, a violent person is created from a oncecalm person. This has been illustrated in the many murders involving bodybuilders recently. An example of one of these murders was the murder of Kristy Ramsey. She was engagedto Gordon Kimbrough, with whom she won the 1991 USA pairs bodybuilding title. After sheadmitted to have an affair, Kimbrough strangled and stabbed her twice, and afterwards tried to dillhimself. â€Å"According to a family member, Kimbrough was meek and shy when not on steroids andbecame short-tempered and violent when using them† (Harris 99). There are many types of performance enhancing drugs. Stimulants, which includeamphetamines, cause you to â€Å"speed up† too much. In large doses stimulants override a person’snormal felling of exhaustion, which causes people to push themselves too hard. Strong painkillers are another type of performance enhancing drug. The increase a person’s pain barrierand are extremely addictive, resulting in permanent injury. Anabolic steroids cause heart attacks,growth stoppage and violent outbursts. Women develop deep voices and facial hair if taken toolong. Many snooker (pool) players use beta-blockers, which slows the beating of the heart. Thishelps them stay calm in pressure situations. A side effect of this drug is bonchospasm, whichcauses the lungs to tighten, making it difficult to breath. Diuretics are used to remove water fromthe body, which improves muscle tone and subtracts weight from water in the body. Taking thisdrug can cause serious dehydration, sometimes re sulting in death. I believe all performance enhancing drugs should be banned from sports. There are justtoo many risks to athletes taking them. But that is a very unlikely scenario, mainly because testingcan’t keep up with the new drugs being produced. New drugs are created everyday. This isillustrated by Mark McGwire’s historic home run binge. Before this year, nobody knew aboutandrostenedione. McGwire admitted to taking the drug, which helps build muscle. His recordwill forever have an asterisk beside it because of that fact. But if these drugs are banned, you willsoon see all of the asterisk disappear from the record books. .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .postImageUrl , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:hover , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:visited , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:active { border:0!important; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:active , .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b1c29d3c8455b02d254da974f7593de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adversity and resilience of ho EssayBibliography Bohan, Janet. Drugs in Sports. New York: Broderbund Publishing Company, 1988. Harris, Gary. â€Å"Brady Hits Em in Bunches.† Sports Illustrated. April 28, 1997, pp. 96-106. Reilly, Rick. â€Å"Muscle Murders.† Sports Illustrated. May 18, 1998, pp. 99-107. Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft, 1998.

The age discrimination in employment act free essay sample

Part 1625 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XIV is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) specifies that it is unlawful for a covered employer to   discriminate in hiring or in any other way by giving preference because of age between individuals 40 and over. Essentially this act forbids firing, refusing to hire or to promote, or treating an individual differently because of age (Code). Some odd conclusions can be drawn from this peculiarly constructed sentence. The ADEA does not merely forbid giving a preference to an individual under the age of forty over another individual who is forty or over, it prohibits the use of age as a criterion for decision making at all; this includes decisions about two employees or prospective employees aged forty or more. We will write a custom essay sample on The age discrimination in employment act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlike earlier quota type systems that might be satisfied by having a named number or percentage of minority race members, the ADEA forbids choosing between two people both of whom are age forty or more. The ADEA applies to employers with twenty or more employees including federal, state, and local governments, unions, and employment agencies. The law does not protect all jobs. It does not normally apply to police forces and firepersons. The law does not protect elected officials, federal law enforcement officers, and air traffic controllers. Since it deals only with employees, the ADEA does not protect independent contractors. In certain cases jobs that demand by their nature a person of a particular age are not protected either: for example, a movie acting role that requires someone who can convincingly portray an eight-year-old (AARP). The ADEA forbids employers use of advertisements that mention age or that suggest that a particular age is preferable. Employers may not set up age requirements for trainees for job positions to avoid paying for training of someone who may retire within a short period of time. The protects employees or prospective employees who file a complaint asserting age discrimination; employers cannot take action against such people. Under most employment environments employers cannot force a covered employee to retire (AARP), however executives sixty-five years or older who will receive retirements benefits from the company of at least forty thousand dollars a year (Workplace Age). Interestingly, the ADEA lacks a specific prohibition against an employer asking potential employees what their age is, however such questions are subject to scrutiny to make certain the questions were asked for legal purposes instead of for reasons forbidden by the ADEA.

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe The words prescribe and proscribe  are similar in pronunciation and can be easily confused, but are almost opposite in meaning. Definitions The verb prescribe means to recommend, establish, or lay down as a rule. Similarly, prescribe means to authorize a medical prescription. The verb proscribe means to ban, forbid, or condemn. Examples When doctors prescribe medicine for a child, they take the childs size and weight into account and adjust the dose accordingly.He read her temperature as 98.8. Very, very slight, he told her. I prescribe sleep.(John Updike, Married Life)Each year as many as two million Americans suffer from antibiotic-resistant illnesses, and 23,000 die as a result. Clearly, we need to get doctors to  prescribe  antibiotics more selectively. But how can this be done?(Craig R. Fox et al., How to Stop Overprescribing Antibiotics. The New York Times, March 25, 2016)Many localities have passed ordinances that proscribe the use of leaf blowers.The First Amendment generally prevents government from  proscribing  speech, or even expressive conduct, because of disapproval of the ideas expressed.(Earl E. Pollock,  The Supreme Court and American Democracy, 2009) Usage Notes Prescribe is a much commoner word and means either issue a medical prescription or recommend with authority, as in the doctor prescribed antibiotics. Proscribe, on the other hand, is a formal word meaning condemn or forbid, as in gambling was strictly proscribed by the authorities.(Maurice Waite, ed., Oxford Thesaurus of English, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009)These are almost direct opposites, and ought not to be confused. To prescribe is to define a remedy, to ordain, to decree. To proscribe is to prohibit, to forbid, to ban. When the Food and Drug Administration proscribed Laetrile, it meant that no doctor could lawfully prescribe it.(James J. Kilpatrick, The Writers Art. Andrews McMeel, 1984) Practice (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to _____ certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely _____ public demonstrations. Answers to Practice Exercises: Prescribe and Proscribe (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to prescribe certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely proscribe public demonstrations. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words